Back up and its Types - Some of RMAN Commands

Full Backups:

• The below command will take the backup of full database along with archive log files.
             RMAN> backup database plus archivelog;

• The below command will take the backup of only that datafile which is number 8.
             RMAN> backup datafile 8; 

• The below command will take the backup of only tablespace named user;
             RMAN> backup tablespace user;

Incremental Backups:

• We need to take full backup using level 0 initially and then level 1.
• Incremental backup is of two types they are Differential incremental and Cumulative incremental

Differential backup: Differential backup means copies all the changed blocks since last level 0 or level 1 backups, this takes reference as last backup which may be any thing full or normal backup.
                   RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database;
                   RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database;

Cumulative Backups: Cumulative backup means copies all the changed blocks since last level 0 backups only, that is this takes reference as last full backup
                   RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;

BACKUP-SET: 

• Backup is done using backupset, backup will be compressed and saved as backupset.

• The below command will take the backup of whole database as copy in the default place.
           RMAN> backup as backupset database;

• The below command will take the backup as backupset in specified path 
           RMAN> backup as backupset format '/BACKUP/df_%d_%s_%p.bus' datafile;

IMAGE COPY

• Normally backup is compressed and saved but backup as image copy is something like the same set of things in database will be copied as it is without compressing. 
• The image copy can be taken as full backup (or) individual tablespace (or) individual datafiles.
• Image copy backup can also be taken using configure and channels command.

• The command below will take the backup of whole database as copy in the default place.
             RMAN> backup as copy database; 

• The command below will take the backup as copy in the specified path.
             RMAN> backup as copy database format '/u01/app/oracle/copy/%U';

• The below command will list all the copy of backups of datafile.
              RMAN> list datafilecopy all;

• The below command will list all the controlfiles copies.
              RMAN> list copy of controlfile;

• The below command will delete all the image copies of datafiles (or) can also specify file with the number at the end instead of all keyword. 
              RMAN> delete datafilecopy all;

• The below command will delete all the image copies of control files and can also specify file with the number at the end.
              RMAN> delete controlfile copy;
  

Some RMAN commands used frequently:

• Set the environment initially and then connect to rman using the below commands:
            $ . oraenv
            $ rman target /

• Configure controlfile auto backup
            RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON|OFF;

• Backing up the databases.
           RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
           RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE
           RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY DATAFILE 15 FORMAT '/oradata/orcl/add_tbs_02.dbf' ;
           RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY ARCHIVELOG  LIKE 'arch%';
           RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY DATABASE FORMAT '/u01/app/oracle/copy/%U'
           RMAN> BACKUP DEVICE TYPE DISK AS COPY;
           RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET FORMAT '/BACKUP/df_%d_%s_%p.bus' TABLESPASE <NAME>

• Listing the backups
           RMAN> LIST BACKUP DATAFILE | TABLESPACE <NAME_WITH_PATH OR FILE#>
           RMAN> LIST BACKUP OF DATABASE;
           RMAN> LIST COPY OF DATABASE;
           RMAN> LIST BACKUP OF DATAFILE 15 |ARCHIVELOG ALL | CONTROLFILE|SPFILE ;
           RMAN> LIST BACKUP SUMMARY;

• Checking configurations
           RMAN> SHOW ALL;
           RMAN> CONFIGURE retention policy to redundancy 1;
           RMAN> CONFIGURE retention policy CLEAR;  
           RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;
           RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO TYPE;

• Reports
           RMAN> REPORT NEED BACKUP;
           RMAN> REPORT OBSOLETE;

• Deleting the obsolete backups
           RMAN> DELETE OBSOLETE;

• Restoring and recovering the databases
           RMAN> RESTORE DATAFILE | DATABASE | TABLESPACE <NAME>;
           RMAN> RECOVER DATAFILE | DATABASE | TABLESPACE <NAME>;